A detailed description of the subtleties of a person’s character and temperamental characteristics allows us to predict his line of behavior, actions taken and reactions to various situations. If you want to enter into a close relationship, hire an employee for a vacancy, or are simply interested in the fate of a certain person, you will probably want to get a ready-made psychological portrait of the individual, which I will talk about in this article, and also show a sample of how to write it.
What is human character
Translated from Greek, character is translated as “seal”, “minting”, that is, on the one hand, it is a distinctive sign, and on the other, something stable and inherent in a specific subject or object.
In psychology, character
is a set of persistent individual personality characteristics that determines the type of behavior and the form of relationships with other people.
Character traits, as personality traits, are as follows:
:
- its components have a long-term effect, stability, and do not change quickly and easily;
- character has practical significance; it determines a person’s actions in all spheres of life.
A person can show heroism, cowardice, be anxious, aggressive or soft, weak-willed. If such manifestations occur frequently and are clearly expressed externally, then they will say about the person: “He has such a character.”
When a kind-hearted and gentle person flares up under certain conditions and shows aggression, then those around him will not call it character; rather, they will attribute it to specific circumstances.
Knowledge of a person’s character allows one to predict his behavior and actions in various situations, as well as correct them if necessary. We always know in advance who we can turn to for help, with whom we are not afraid to enter into risky ventures: “He can’t do anything differently, that’s his character.”
Methodology for compiling psychological characteristics
Psychological characteristics of a person are compiled by psychologists using the following methods:
- Observation. Through specially organized observation, the psychologist receives information about the characteristics of an individual’s behavior. In psychological characteristics, observation results indirectly reflect personality characteristics.
- Psychodiagnostic methods. Using personality tests and questionnaires, the psychologist determines the client’s temperament type, his interests and inclinations, and the prevailing motives for his activity. This information is the main one in the psychological characteristics.
- Sociometry. With the help of this diagnostic tool, the psychologist receives information about the socio-psychological status of the individual in the educational or work community. Sociometry allows us to identify the characteristics of a person’s interpersonal interaction with friends and colleagues.
- Interview. If sufficient information about a person cannot be obtained through tests, the psychologist develops a series of questions that he asks the client. This method of collecting information is used to clarify facts and eliminate contradictions.
Psychological characteristics begin with the listing of a person’s personal data: indicating the last name, first name and patronymic, date of birth, place of residence, reporting information about family members and characteristics of family upbringing. The following are described:
- inclinations and interests;
- personality abilities;
- characteristics of temperament and character;
- a person's attitude towards himself;
- a person's attitude towards other people;
- a person's attitude towards work.
An example of a person's psychological characteristics
Letovaltsev Andrey Yurievich
Date 04/19/2008.
Mother: Letovaltseva Anna Gennadievna.
Father: Letovaltsev Yuri Alekseevich.
Place of residence: Novodvinsk
The child is raised in a complete family. Parents take an active part in the boy's life. For Andrey, his older brother is a role model.
The boy shows interest in exact sciences and has a high level of development of logical thinking. For two years, Andrey has been attending robotics courses and participating in city and regional competitions.
The boy's level of voluntary attention is above average. There are no signs of fatigue when performing work. The pace of work is high.
The boy has a high level of visual memory development. Auditory memory is moderately developed. The dominant channel for obtaining information is visual.
The predominant motive for activity is to avoid failure. The level of anxiety corresponds to the age norm.
In the course of solving intellectual problems, Andrey demonstrates independence and rationality. Willingly comes to the aid of his comrades. Shows interest in pair work. When working in a group, he imposes his opinion on his comrades and makes many comments. He takes criticism addressed to him painfully.
In a group of peers, the boy strives to become a leader. He is ambitious and active. Andrey tries to assert himself at the expense of other children. However, in order to become a leader, the boy lacks sensitivity and attentiveness to others. In addition, the boy has high self-esteem.
Andrey has a choleric type of temperament. The young man is emotional, assertive, and purposeful. He often has conflicts in his relationships with peers. Poor development of communication skills does not allow making concessions and finding a compromise solution to controversial situations. The boy is characterized by sudden mood changes.
There are outbreaks of aggression in behavior. It is difficult for a boy to control his emotional reactions.
Based on the results of psychological diagnostics, Andrey can be recommended a course of individual sessions with a psychologist aimed at correcting the emotional-volitional sphere. The boy will also benefit from group classes in the form of training to develop communication skills.
Character Traits: General Information
Not every feature of a person can be attributed to his stable, permanent character trait. We have already said that a good-natured person can lose his temper, and, for example, an optimist can fall into melancholy. But we will not describe the first as an aggressor, and the second as a whiner.
In psychology, there are three leading groups of character traits, which together constitute it.
1 group of traits - attitude towards oneself
This group includes both positive and negative characteristics that show the individual’s attitude towards himself and his self-awareness.
Character traits with a plus sign
- inner dignity, honor, pride, self-criticism, appropriate modesty, adequate self-esteem.
Traits with a minus sign
- vanity, inflated self-esteem and self-esteem, pride (not to be confused with pride), touchiness, shyness (not to be confused with modesty).
Group 2 – attitude towards others
Characteristics that show the basis of a person’s relationships with other people - in the family, in a team, in a circle of friends.
Character traits with a plus sign
- responsiveness, respect, communication, sensitivity, willingness to help, ability to work in a team, decency.
Traits with a minus sign
- callousness, contempt for others, snobbery, rudeness, neglect, isolation, callousness, individualism.
3rd group of traits – attitude to activity
This group combines character traits related to their business, profession, and work in general.
Character traits with a plus sign
- hard work, activity, responsibility, creativity, a penchant for creativity, initiative.
Traits with a minus sign
- laziness, procrastination, irresponsible attitude to business, lack of initiative, passivity.
Based on a sample of these characteristics, you can create a portrait of a person.
Key points
The portrait includes a detailed examination of several aspects.
Temperament
Scientifically, 4 groups of people have been identified: phlegmatic, sanguine, choleric and melancholic. Temperaments are practically never found in their perfect form. Typically, a personality combines two different types. Depending on our internal state and emotionality, we manifest ourselves differently in life processes, react to the same situations, participate in conversations and start relationships. It is worth considering that the type of temperament is an innate parameter that does not change during existence. Do not expect that an indifferent phlegmatic person will suddenly become an organizational and explosive choleric person, and even if changes appear to you, most likely this is a temporary impulse and an erroneous judgment. Only a slight adjustment to the original data has been proven.
- Choleric people are the most active, hardy, bright and strive towards their goal.
- Melancholic people, on the contrary, are vulnerable, calm, and indecisive.
- Phlegmatic people communicate easily, they are reliable friends and co-workers who adequately assess any situation.
- Sanguine people are sociable, sincere, sympathetic and friendly.
Character
This is a set of stable behavioral traits that can transform and change over time depending on the environment, upbringing and life shocks. Although it is believed that the initial list of parameters is laid down at the genetic level, it is significantly supplemented by moral principles acquired over time.
Thus, children of the same parents, when brought up in families with different foundations, can turn out to be completely opposite personalities. The character of any person can be simultaneously described from two sides. For example, you can be kind, sincere and open, but at the same time jealous, touchy or lazy.
Capabilities
Literary sources divide them into three groups: spiritual, physical and social. Naturally, the physiological ones are instilled first - health, skills, strength, endurance. Spiritual ones depend more on upbringing and habitat. This is education, cultural inclinations, morals. Social ones are also acquired and formed in the process of life - these are openness, sociability, the ability to establish contacts, responsibility, high punctuality and strong discipline.
Focus
The foundation of this parameter is motivation. It represents a person’s daily activities and explains his actions. Some people want to satisfy their physiological needs, they want to eat delicious food, live in a cozy apartment or drive a modern car. For others, it doesn’t matter, and their priorities include communication, new information, making acquaintances, realizing their creative potential, and playing sports.
Emotionality
This parameter is expressed in the ability and way to express one’s feelings and experiences to others, to show one’s mood or, conversely, to hide it. Depending on the degree of emotionality present in you, you form a different reaction to the surrounding reality. This is what makes it possible to understand your neighbor, regardless of his language, culture, religion or level of intelligence. Everyone will be able to recognize anger, happiness, and fear in their interlocutor.
Psychologist Daria Milai
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Intelligence
A person is able to develop himself through the perception of new information, practical exercises, and the accumulation of experience, but the basic level of intellectual development with which a child is born plays a key role. It helps to adapt to new conditions, evaluate an unfamiliar situation and the behavior of third parties, make assessments and conclusions. This is the ability to think rationally and act correctly regarding the current situation. As a rule, talent or aptitude for any field of knowledge is discovered already in childhood; the main thing is not to miss this moment and begin to develop it.
Communication skills
Any individual, regardless of the number of years lived, financial and social status, level of intellectual development, should be able to form communication with others. However, the ability to speak is not equally developed among individuals. For example, a psychoportrait of a comedian or manager should reveal a high level of communication skills, in contrast to a gardener, combine operator or fisherman. It is worth considering that any professional activity is inseparably linked with communication, and in the absence of this parameter, achieving success and getting a promotion will be almost impossible.
Self-esteem
This is the level of self-confidence. Conventionally, it is divided into overestimated, underestimated and objective. With the first, there is an overestimation of one’s capabilities, a deliberate overestimation of achievements, or even attribution of other people’s heights to oneself. In the second, on the contrary, there is excessive self-criticism and lack of confidence in one’s abilities, while normal speaks about an adequate assessment of oneself and one’s actions. If you have identified low self-esteem, it is better to seek help from a qualified specialist.
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Strong-willed qualities
Will is a kind of internal core of personality, strength of character and the main parameter that allows you to achieve success. Strong-willed qualities are purposefulness, firm determination and complete independence, lack of fear of taking risks, and the ability to take responsibility. Even with positive living conditions, high intelligence, and talent, without will an individual will not achieve effective results. A strong-willed person does not have the harmful laziness, lack of initiative, lack of discipline, or weak character.
Self-control
Controlling yourself, your emotions, words and actions, being well-mannered - these are the qualities that will help you establish good communication with others, establish business or love relationships. Those who cannot sufficiently control themselves and keep their mouth shut will not have worthy interlocutors. Many companies pay attention to this skill when hiring employees. Recruiters deliberately create various stressful situations and ask uncomfortable questions to understand how you will behave.
Teamwork ability
Not all individuals have the ability to work in a team. However, it is a valuable skill that allows you to adapt and listen to other people. It needs to be developed from childhood.
Motivation
One of the most powerful qualities of a person. Even a lazy and indecisive individual, if necessary and willing to make a purchase, get a position or win the favor of an interlocutor, can take unexpected and rash actions, accelerating the process of achieving a goal. For different people, motivation can be hidden, superficial or strong, reaching the point of mania and passion.
Social attitudes
One of the consequences of communication is the transfer of information - the exchange of news, experience, information. Data received from outside influences the behavior, mood and actions of people, pushing them to certain actions.
Features of human character formation
For a long time, philosophers believed that character is an innate human trait. That is, he is born with a certain set of qualities that do not change during the formation process. Today this view is not supported. It has been proven that character is formed throughout life and depends on upbringing, environment, entry into a certain social group, professional activity, etc.
For the first time, the idea of a significant influence on the character of external factors was expressed by the scientist D. Locke, who argued that psychophysical properties and upbringing influence the formation of character equally.
Modern science (last century) supports this hypothesis.
According to researchers, personality formation is influenced by
:
- labor education;
- personal example;
- physical education;
- self-development;
- moral and ethical education;
- correct formation of habits.
Regardless of age, the process of character formation is exposed to the influence of the information field, including the perception of the individual
:
- cultural values, ideology cultivated in society;
- personal example of people respected for a particular person;
- public opinion and common judgments in society;
- literature, television, cinema, theater.
A mature, thinking person can also correct his character. Thus, character formation occurs throughout life.
Three main factors influence its changes
:
- physiological (gender, temperament);
- social (education, culture, family, school, team);
- personal (self-development, self-education).
The first stage of character development is early infancy. At this level, it is very important to give the child love, care, and a lot of attention, since it is here that the emotional component is formed for the rest of his life.
Further personality development occurs in early preschool age. The child studies and copies the behavior patterns of adults nearby. Direct teaching with appropriate emotional reinforcement (praise) is important. It is at this age that such traits as kindness, responsiveness, and hard work are formed.
At primary school age, the main role is played by the assessment of the child’s actions and actions by adults, the concepts of “good” and “bad” are instilled. Character traits related to work appear: responsibility, punctuality.
Adolescents are actively developing moral and ethical standards and their volitional sphere. By the end of school, the character, as a rule, has already been formed; then it is only corrected.
Basic theories of personality research
Sigmund Freud
According to Freud's psychological theory, a person's personality has three main components:
1. Id - “it”, i.e. all aspects inherent in nature and genetics, in particular, due to basic instincts.
2. Ego - a sense of one’s own “I”, which is in constant interaction with the outside world.
3. The superego appears as a kind of judge of activities and thoughts. Its functions are carried out by conscience, introspection and formed ideals.
Carl Gustav Jung
Jung in his medical practice was guided by an individual approach to each patient. Therefore, he began his work by establishing the patient’s character traits, the peculiarities of his psyche. He achieved this difficult goal with the help of a unique system - a typology of personalities. She served him as a map, helping to identify the specifics of the individual. Understand the prevailing psychological functions, what is the human relationship to the external world and to the internal world. Thus, Jung identified eight personality types and divided them into two groups - rational and irrational.
He considered the thinking and feeling types to be rational types. People belonging to it, in making decisions and making judgments, are guided by pre-formed views and beliefs, and perceive the world through the prism of attitudes of consciousness.
The scientist designated the sensing and the intuitive as irrational. People of these types are less guided by reason; they react to stimuli the way they react, without trying to squeeze into the framework of their own or others’ views. Direct experiences are important to them.
William James
The American pragmatic psychologist argued that man has continuous thinking and selective consciousness, emphasizing that life is the sum of various habits. He analyzed personality from three sides - the constituent elements (physical or material, social and spiritual), feelings and emotions (self-esteem), as well as actions caused by self-preservation and self-care.
James' personality formula states that cognition consists equally of attitude and behavior.
Alfred Adler
According to the principles of individual psychology of another scientist, an individual’s lifestyle is demonstrated through attitudes and behavior. At the same time, it is necessarily formed under the influence of society. According to Adler, personality has a single structure, and the fundamental factor in its development is the natural desire for superiority. Therefore, a person is divided into four main subtypes: socially useful, avoidant, receiving, managing.
Roberto Assagioli
In accordance with the psychosynthesis of this specialist, there are 8 zones in the basic structure of the human psyche. The lower unconscious begins the pyramid of substructures, and the subpersonality completes it. The meaning of the development of the psyche is to increase its unity.
Biological approach
The so-called type theory puts a key emphasis on the structure of the human body. For example, according to Kretschmer’s constitutional typology there is leptosomatic, alectic, picnic, dysplastic. And Sheldon classified personalities according to endo-, ecto- and mesomophic physiques.
Eduard Spranger
Another concept describes the human personality according to the form of knowledge of the world and spiritual values. This could be a theorist, economist, esthete, politician, and so on.
Gordon Allport
The opinion is based on the uniqueness of each individual in specific traits. The author of the theory believed that what is “own” in a person’s inner world is his unique distinguishing feature.
Kurt Lewin
The source of the driving forces of personality, according to Lewin, is hidden in the tandem of a person with a situation and is determined by his attitude to certain circumstances.
Phenomenological and humanistic theories
The main principle is a positive beginning in every person, the desire and realization of personal potential to the maximum. For example, one of the proponents of this approach, A. Maslow, put the human need for self-actualization in the first place.
Erich Fromm
Its adherents consider self-expression and manifestation of personal individuality to be the leading position in this concept.
Victor Frankl
The key points are freedom, responsibility, the meaning of life.
* * *
To sum up, we can confidently say that a person’s personality, both in the skeptical science of psychology and in the versatile practice of life, is multifaceted and unique, like the exclusive pattern of a tiny snowflake under a microscope. In our changing and far from ideal world, it is very important to preserve our own unique features and originality, values and priorities.
Whatever the external circumstances, it is important to remember one main truth: I am a person, the whole world, the Universe, the endless Cosmos. And a real person should not adapt to the changing world, as the famous song says, or try to imitate someone, even if this person is a real star.
To achieve success in any aspect of life, it is important to be aware of your desires and aspirations, understand yourself and adequately assess your abilities. No one else can take the place in the sun intended for a specific person. Because every individual is one of a kind. And therefore unique.
The relationship between temperament and character
Character and temperament are often identified, but they are different concepts.
In psychology, different points of view have been expressed on this matter.
:
- both concepts are identical;
- temperament is a part, the core of character;
- two concepts are antagonists;
- temperament is the natural basis of character.
Temperament is more closely related to the properties of the human nervous system and is directly determined by them. Character is greatly influenced by society and upbringing. If character is subject to correction, then temperament is an innate property that remains with the individual for life.
The social environment in which an individual grew up and lives has a strong influence on character, while temperament remains unchanged. The content of a person’s actions depends on character, but only their manner and style depend on temperament.
Important: temperament cannot be assessed as “good” or “bad”, but character consists of those traits that can be regarded as positive or negative.
The type of temperament and character are connected and interact with each other in a single appearance of a person, forming an inseparable alloy - a characteristic of his individuality.
Essence and concept
In psychology, the term “personality” is understood as a person who has a set of psychological characteristics that have a direct impact on actions and their significance in society. Each person is individual and therefore always different from the other.
There are also other scientific definitions of personality. For example, his role in society, experience and knowledge. This is a person who bears full responsibility for his life, controls his choices and has a sense of responsibility for his actions.
Thus, personality is a set of habits that have been developed over the years and a person’s preferences, his emotional mood and vitality, sociocultural experience and knowledge accumulated over many years of life. This is a unique set of human traits and characteristics at the psychological and physiological levels. It is also a human archetype that defines everyday behavior and the connection between society and the natural world. In addition, the personality is identified in terms of the manifestation of “behavioral masks” created for different life situations and groups of social interaction.
Personality is a relatively stable system of individual behavior, the core of which is self-esteem, created on the basis of the value judgments of other people and a person’s assessment of his environment.
The concept of personality does not have strict boundaries or frameworks: in everyday life it is understood, for example, as the character of the entire person as a whole
The term “personality” is inextricably linked with two more psychological concepts - individual and individuality. The first is understood as an individual person who has a set of qualities, both innate and acquired. Individuality is a system of characteristics and exclusive traits by which one person can be distinguished from another. It is on this, internal uniqueness, that personal uniqueness and the makeup of the human psyche depend.
Despite the similarity of definitions, they cannot be identified or equated with each other, because both terms describe individual aspects of human life. At the same time, it would also be wrong to excessively distance the concepts from each other. After all, each person is multifaceted, it is impossible to consider him exclusively from one side, like the visible side of the Moon.
What are the character types?
In psychology, there are several classifications of character types. One of the most famous is the typology proposed by the American psychoanalyst Alexander Lowen.
| Character type | Its characteristics |
| Oral | A person experiences a sharp change in mood and is highly dependent on others. Infantility, tendency to melancholy and depression, fear of rejection, low self-esteem. |
| Masochistic | A person who loves to suffer has a very high sensitivity. There is intuition. They are not confident in themselves, they are closed. |
| Hysterical | High level of ambition, ability to control behavior and actions. Arrogance, rational thinking. Developed emotions with the ability to contain them. |
| Schizoid | Very low self-esteem, lack of control over emotions and their inadequacy. Affective disorders. |
| Psychopathic | Desire to dominate, increased anxiety. The predominance of image issues over internal content. Preoccupation with control over circumstances. |
| Narcissistic | Self-confidence, high ambitions. Aggressiveness, assertiveness, arrogance, tenacity. |
Also in psychology, individuals are divided into introverts (closed) and extroverts (sociable).
One more typology of characters can be identified
.
| Character type | Its characteristics |
| Hyperthymic | The person is very sociable, “talkative”, with pronounced facial expressions. Lots of initiative and energy, but loses his temper easily. |
| Disthymic | Pessimists are introverts. They have a keen sense of justice and a very limited circle of friends. They make decisions hard and are slow. |
| Excitable | They are power-hungry and love conflict situations. Very unpleasant to communicate with. When calm, they are attentive and pedantic; when excited, they are aggressive and irritable. |
| Stuck | An arrogant person, loves to teach others, considers himself smart. Excessive demands on both yourself and other people |
| Anxious | The personality is extremely insecure, afraid of disputes and conflicts. Looks for support everywhere. |
| Demonstrative | Sociable, adaptable. Schemer. They can cause irritation due to their self-confidence. Born artists, boastful, hypocritical. |
Psychological character of a person
Character is one of the components of the psychological portrait of a person. But it alone is not enough to form a full-fledged opinion about a person, which is necessary, for example, for hiring a responsible job or making an informed choice in your personal life.
At the same time, you need to determine the person’s temperament.
There are four in total
:
- sanguine
_ A person with a stable nervous system is quite mobile and balanced. The processes of excitation and inhibition of the nervous system quickly appear and also quickly decline. Optimistic, sociable. The downside is that they are capable of irresponsibility and frivolity. - choleric
_ A very mobile nervous system. It gets excited quickly, but cools down slowly. Extremely restless, always having to do something, energetic. Disadvantages: conflict-ridden, aggressive, hot-tempered. - phlegmatic
. The nervous system is very stable and balanced, but not dynamic. Cannot switch from one topic to another, does not work at “high speeds”. But the result will be impressive - everything is thought out to the smallest detail. Reliable, responsible. Disadvantages - clumsy, rather dry in communication. - melancholic
. The nervous system is very weak, vulnerable, impressionable. Soft, sensitive people. Cons: low performance, suspiciousness, isolation.
Individual abilities are considered as the third component within the psychological portrait
:
- general, formed under the influence of intelligence. This is mental flexibility, hard work, and the ability to adapt.
- special, appealing to a certain direction: to oneself personally, to communication, to completing a task.
To compile a psychological portrait, the following are also taken into account: intelligence, emotionality, feelings, communication skills, stress resistance, self-esteem.
What is a psychological personality characteristic
Psychological characteristics are a set of components of the personality structure that determine the individual’s orientation, character traits and style of activity. Psychological characteristics are based on stable human properties: type of nervous system, temperament, nationality, abilities, qualities of mind.
The psychological characteristics of a person undergo some changes in the process of ontogenetic development, family upbringing and systematic education. Individual elements of psychological characteristics are formed only as a result of the development of character and the development of stable interests of the individual. Family education and schooling are being replaced by self-development and self-education of a person. Starting from adolescence, people consciously form their psychological portrait.
The main components of psychological characteristics are: resilience, unity and activity. On their basis, a person’s value orientations, worldview, style of activity and communication are formed. The dynamic properties of a person allow him to master social roles, achieve his goals, and maintain his socio-psychological status.
The characteristics of a person’s abilities determine his individuality.
Social character of personality
The concept of social character was introduced into science by E. Fromm.
Social character of personality
is a set of traits that arises in people belonging to the same social group. Moreover, these special features appeared under the influence of common experiences and an identical lifestyle.
The psychologist has developed two types of social characters: unfruitful and fruitful.
Unfruitful
| Type of social character | Its signs |
| Receptive | Characterized by weakness of will, servility, low activity, cowardice. |
| Operational | Ambition, a high level of aggression, egocentrism, and arrogance are inherent. |
| Cumulative | Dominant signs: lack of creativity, causticity, stubbornness, possessive instinct, suspiciousness, |
| Market | Characterized by such features as: lack of integrity, unprincipledness, low sense of purpose |
These types are called unfruitful because they are “takers”, believing that they can only receive benefits from the outside.
Fruitful type
This is a kind of humanistic ideal to which we need to strive. It is characterized by: reliance on one’s own strengths and their use both to receive benefits and to give to other people. A fruitful social character gives and does not receive; it is based on love, the highest degree of which is maternal love, which does not know selfishness.
Types of volitional qualities
The “foundation” is willpower - a special state that can be called a kind of mental habit. It is not always congenital. In most cases, people have to train it: by realizing their desires and aspirations.
To give a more precise definition, it is the ability of an individual to mobilize his body and psyche in such a way as to realize a specific goal. If he does not deviate from the task, does not stop acting halfway to success and does not give up after the first failure, then we can assume that he has no problems with this character trait.
The set of features characterizing this concept includes:
- Independence. This is the ability to work without outside help, as well as the ability to listen critically to advice, analyzing it from the point of view of one’s own beliefs and views. Such a person can organize his own activities. She does not wait for prompts, and also actively defends her own opinion.
- Initiative is the skill to search and find non-standard solutions and ways to implement them.
This also includes willpower - the skill of maintaining the level of effort. In other words, a person maintains strength for a long time. After all, anyone can concentrate for a day, but persistently moving forward for many months is a more difficult problem.
Hidden and obvious accentuation of personality
Accentuation refers to the dominant personality traits, that is, some characteristics are moderately developed in us, while others are excessively developed.
As a result of accentuation (from the word “accent”, i.e. strengthening), the personality becomes disharmonious.
Strengthening individual traits
:
- cause a person’s vulnerability, are his weak point, “Achilles’ heel”;
- limits a person’s abilities in certain areas of activity.
For example, a personality with an accentuation of weak will can be used by people and is completely unsuitable for working in leadership positions.
Accentuation is not a psychological or mental deviation, but an extreme variant of the norm.
There are several reasons for this
:
- dominance of one trait is formed only at certain stages of development, and can be minimized with age;
- accentuation does not always appear, but only under certain circumstances;
- accentuation does not in any way prevent a person from adapting to society, with the exception of a number of restrictions that we mentioned above.
Depending on the dominance of one of the character traits, the following types are distinguished:
:
| Type of accentuation | Characteristic |
| Demonstrative | The desire to be in . Deliberate behavior, boasting. |
| Pedantic | Caution, fear of change, thoroughness, thoughtfulness. |
| Excitable | Very impulsive behavior. Lives by impulses, instincts, drives. |
| Hypertemic | Always cheerful, active, thirsty for life. Sociable, optimistic, easily overcomes difficulties. |
| Stuck | Remembers insults and troubles for a long time, is vengeful, petty |
| Dysthymic | Pessimist, always sad and despondent. Concentrated on the dark sides of life. |
| Cyclothymic | Changes from thirst for life to pessimism occur frequently and regularly. |
| Exalted | A violent reaction to any event, a state from delight to universal sadness. |
| Emotive | High sensitivity, empathy, sincerity, tearfulness. |
| Anxious | Anxiety for any reason and for no reason. Wariness, timidity, uncertainty. |
Accentuation is considered obvious in cases where it accompanies a person most of the time, almost always.
If the dominance of any trait appears in stressful or critical situations, then the accentuation is called hidden.
Personality traits that help you find happiness
Not all of the positive personality traits that can be useful to society are good and
advantageous traits for the person himself. An example would be sacrifice, which involves giving up one's own interests for the sake of others. It is welcomed by society, but it can be negative for the individual who owns this trait.
Let's consider what characteristics individuals must have in order to find happiness:
- Self-esteem is one of the high personal qualities inherent in people with the ability to assess their own capabilities, self-respect and understanding of their importance and value in society.
- Thrift is a good quality that manifests itself in caring for the safety of one’s own and other people’s property, material assets, as well as peace of mind.
- Perseverance in achieving goals is the persistent desire of a person with a strong inner core to achieve the intended goal, despite difficulties and obstacles.
- Self-criticism is the ability to adequately assess one’s potential, capabilities and abilities, not to be categorical in judgment, and to listen to others.
- Healthy egoism is a personal position that consists in prioritizing one’s own interests over the interests of the environment. The average between a person’s personal comfort and harmlessness to society.
- Insight is the ability not to miss significant details that others do not see, as well as to calculate the development of the situation many steps ahead.
Intelligent characteristic
Let's consider a number of human positive qualities that employers prefer. They are called intelligent. Employees are always valued at work:
- neat, loving order and harmony in everything;
- polite and tactful, respectful of others;
- far-sighted, with excellent intuitive abilities;
- creative, able to think creatively, outside the box;
- wise people who know how and when to apply their knowledge and experience, as well as the ability to avoid getting into undesirable situations and wisely manage available resources;
- self-critical, soberly assessing their own potential, able to notice and correct their own mistakes, able to recognize the experience gained;
- tolerant, tolerant of others, different views, habits;
- hardworking people who know how to be satisfied with their work and enjoy spending their efforts and time.
Social positive character traits
The standard of living is directly related to the degree to which people are useful to the society in which they find themselves,
including different spheres: family, work, public, etc. Those who are helpful are treated with respect, valued and rewarded as they deserve. This is naturally perceived positively by a person, because it brings pleasure. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider the list with what positive qualities a person is in demand in society. It should be:
- hardworking;
- disciplined;
- responsible;
- sociable;
- tactful;
- friendly;
- conscientious;
- honest;
- ready for self-sacrifice;
- decent;
- generous;
- educated;
- selfless.
Having positive qualities in your character will help you adapt harmoniously and take your place in an adequate society. If people regularly display such traits, then the risk of conflict situations in any area of life and activity is significantly reduced. And this, in turn, allows you to effectively achieve the desired results.
